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2017 | |
 | 71 Obsessive patients and their guilt ABSTRACT: In line with the Appraisal Theories of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), in this paper we present some experiments aimed at demonstrating the role of fear of guilt in OCD. What kind of guilt do OC patients want to prevent? Several studies suggest the existence of two different types of guilt emotions, namely deontological guilt and altruistic guilt. This research suggests that the former, more than the latter, ...Journal Article: Psychopathology Review, 4 (2), pp. 155-168, 2017. |
2016 | |
48 “Don’t Play God!”: Is inaction Preference linked to obsessive compulsive characteristics? ABSTRACT: Objective: two kinds of guilt feelings have been postulated: altruistic and deontological. the latter seems to play a role in the genesis and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive Disorder (ocD) and to be linked to inaction choice in moral dilemmas. This paper aims to investigate whether inaction choices in moral dilemmas are specifically linked to obsessive-compulsive (OC) characteristics and to deontological ...Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 13 (6), pp. 122-129, 2016. |
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523 Specific Beliefs about Emotions Are Associated with Different Emotion-Regulation Strategies ABSTRACT: Despite evidence pointing to the associations of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERS) with psychopathology, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Coherently with cognitive models, this study tested the hypothesis that specific beliefs about emotions may be associated with difficulties in emotion regulation and the use of different ERS (reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, ...Journal Article: Psychology, 7 , pp. 1682-1699, 2016, ISSN: 2152-7180. |
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640 Reducing the meta-emotional problem decreases physiological fear response during exposure in phobics ABSTRACT: Anxiety disorders may not only be characterized by specific symptomatology (e.g., tachycardia) in response to the fearful stimulus (primary problem or first-level emotion) but also by the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself for having those symptoms (secondary problem or negative meta-emotion). An exploratory study was conducted driven by the hypothesis that reducing the secondary or meta-emotional problem would ...Journal Article: Frontiers in psychology, (7), pp. 1105, 2016, ISSN: 1664-1078. |
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 | 5 Sulla necessità degli scopi come determinanti prossimi della sofferenza psicopatologica ABSTRACT: In this article one of the most signifi cant limits of Clinical Cognitivism is highlighted: the scarce relevance attributed to “goals” in explaining psychopathology. In the standard Clinical Cognitivism the role of beliefs and cognitive processes is highly stressed, while the role of goals in orienting the cognitive processes, and thus, in the development and maintenance of beliefs, is neglected. It is, in ...Journal Article: 13 (1), pp. 7-20, 2016. |
36 Association between Attention and Heart Rate Fluctuations in Pathological Worriers ABSTRACT: Recent data suggests that several psychopathological conditions are associated with alterations in the variability of behavioral and physiological responses. Pathological worry, defined as the cognitive representation of a potential threat, has been associated with reduced variability of heart beat oscillations (i.e., decreased heart rate variability; HRV) and lapses of attention indexed by reaction times (RTs). ...Journal Article: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10 , pp. 648, 2016, ISSN: 1662-5161. |
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2088 L’utilizzo della mindfulness con gli adolescenti ABSTRACT: Negli ultimi anni l’utilizzo della mindfulness per il trattamento di problemi psicologici in eta evolutiva e andato significativamente incrementando: sia nei disturbi esternalizzanti che nei disturbi internalizzanti puo essere effettivamente utile addestrare i ragazzi a lasciar andare i propri contenuti mentali, siano essi pensieri depressivi, ansiosi, o aggressivi, una volta che sono comparsi alla mente. In ...Journal Article: QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA, (39), pp. 83-98, 2016, ISSN: 2281-6046. |
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126 Obsessive-compulsive disorder: the strength of psycological models of mental illness ABSTRACT: ...Journal Article: 13 (6), pp. 85-87, 2016. |
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2015 | |
633 The two dimensions of the body representation in women suffering from Anorexia Nervosa ABSTRACT: A core symptom of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe alteration of body representations. Evidence from somatoperception studies point to a generic disturbances of somatosensory components of body representations. Here we have investigated whether AN patients (N=18) and controls differed in the perception of tactile stimuli differently oriented along the body axes. We tested the hypothesis that patients perceive and ...Journal Article: Psychiatry Research, 230 (2), pp. 181-188, 2015, ISSN: 0165-1781. |
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439 ABSTRACT: Objectives We aimed to clarify the associations between negative emotionality, avoidant coping, and alexithymia. We hypothesized that negative emotionality and avoidance strategies would interact negatively in associating with alexithymia. Design We examined, in one study conducted in Italy and another in the US (total N = 415), the associations among avoidant coping, negative emotionality, and alexithymia, ... Journal Article: Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 2015. |
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282 Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a study on associated variables ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to examine family accommodation in relatives of obesessive-compulsive disease (OCD) patients. Accommodation was assessed in a sample of 31 relatives of OCD patients by means of the Family Accommodation Scale. Other variables measured as predictor of accommodation were tendency of a familymember to feel guilty, sensitivity to guilt, anxiety sensitivity and the prevalence of a passive ...Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 12 (5), pp. 128-134, 2015. |
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438 Individual differences in guilt sensitivity scale (GSS) ABSTRACT: Individual differences can be observed in the propensity to experience certain emotions; for some emotions, most notably anxiety and disgust, the notion of sensitivity was also explored, namely one's tendency to evaluate negatively a given emotion and its effects. Based on observations made in the clinical practice, the authors suggest that this distinction may be usefully applied also to guilt, creating a specific ...Journal Article: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 22 (3), pp. 349-362, 2015. |
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 | 210 Do not play God: contrasting effects of deontological guilt and pride on decision-making ABSTRACT: Recent accounts support the existence of two distinct feelings of guilt: altruistic guilt, arising from the appraisal of not having been altruistic towards a victim and deontological guilt, emerging from the appraisal of having violated an intuitive moral rule. Neuroimaging data has shown that the two guilt feelings trigger different neural networks, with deontological guilt selectively activating the insula, a ...Journal Article: Frontiers in Psychology, 6 , pp. 1251, 2015, ISSN: 1664-1078. |
172 An experimental re-examination of the inferential confusion hypothesis of obsessive–compulsive doubt ABSTRACT: AbstractBackground and objectives The inferential confusion hypothesis postulates that obsessive doubt is perpetuated by a subjective form of reasoning characterized primarily by a distrust of reality and an overreliance on imagined possibilities. However, experimental evidence for this hypothesis may be compromised by a potential confound between type of information (reality vs. possibility) and its valence (danger ...Journal Article: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 48 , pp. 90 - 97, 2015, ISSN: 0005-7916. |
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213 Deontological guilt and obsessive compulsive disorder ABSTRACT: Background and objectives The emotion of guilt plays a pivotal role in the genesis and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). But what kind of guilt do OC patients want to prevent? Several studies suggest the existence of two different types of guilt emotions, namely deontological and altruistic guilt. This research suggests that the former, more than the latter, is involved in OCD. Studies in which ...Journal Article: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 49, Part B , pp. 157 - 163, 2015, ISSN: 0005-7916, (Special Issue: Innovations in Understanding and Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder). |
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207 Cognitive-behavioral therapy for externalizing disorders: A meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness ABSTRACT: Abstract Externalizing disorders are the most common and persistent forms of maladjustment in childhood. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to reduce externalizing symptoms in two disorders: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositive Defiant Disorder (ODD). The efficacy of CBT to improve social competence and ...Journal Article: Behaviour Research and Therapy, 75 , pp. 60 - 71, 2015, ISSN: 0005-7967. |
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0 The relevance of maintaining and worsening processes in psychopathology ABSTRACT: ...Journal Article: Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38 , 2015. |
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2014 | |
189 Towards a deeper understanding of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ABSTRACT: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most handicapping illnesses by lost income and decreased quality of life (Veale 2007). It is well known that the disorder is not limited to one culture or one period of time, since it has been found in different culture or one period of time, since it has been found in different cultures and in different parts of ...Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11 (6), pp. 149-151, 2014. |
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173 Do we need a cognitive theory for obsessive-compulsive disorder? Yes, we do ABSTRACT: Nowadays a general trend in psychiatry and clinical psychology, claming to explain mental illness and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in particular as a neurological disease, seems to be in ascendant. The purpose of this position paper is to rebut this perspective on OCD and demonstrate that an Appraisal Theory (AT) of the disorder, is necessary and sufficient in order to account for proximal determinants in the ...Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11 (6), pp. 197-203, 2014. |
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1000 ABSTRACT: Negli ultimi decenni si è arrivati a una comprensione sempre più accurata dello stato mentale che regola i pensieri e comportamenti ossessivi. Questa comprensione della complessa fenomenologia del disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo rischia di perdersi nel momento in cui, come fa il DSM-5 con l’introduzione della categoria disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo e disturbi correlati, si promuove una comprensione dei disturbi in ... Journal Article: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 20 (3), pp. 281-293, 2014. |
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0 The Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3: Factor structure and psychometric properties in Italian clinical and non- clinical samples ABSTRACT: Lo studio descrive le caratteristiche psicometriche dell’Anxiety Sensitivity Index - 3 (ASI-3) che è stato tradotto in italiano con la procedura della back-translation e somministrato ad un campione misto di pazienti con disturbi d’ansia (n = 154) e soggetti non clinici (n = 629), assieme a misure di anxiety sensitivity, depressione e ansia. L’analisi fattoriale confermativa ha confermato la struttura con un ...Journal Article: Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata (BPA), (269), pp. 53-64, 2014. |
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270 Review of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Theories ABSTRACT: The present review aimed to analyze the scientific literature untill 2010 about the theories of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in order to make clear how a biological and cognitive hypotheses might be integrated in a comprehensive point of view. In the analysis, at biological level were included neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic models and animal models; ...Journal Article: Global Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1 (1), pp. 1-13, 2014. |
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369 Feelings of error in reasoning—in search of a phenomenon ABSTRACT: Recent research shows that in reasoning tasks, subjects usually produce an initial intuitive answer, accompanied by a metacognitive experience, which has been called feeling of rightness. This paper is aimed at exploring the complimentary experience of feeling of error (FOE), that is, the spontaneous, subtle sensation of cognitive uneasiness arising from conflict detection during thinking. We investigate FOE in two ...Journal Article: Thinking & Reasoning, 21 (4), pp. 383-396, 2014. |
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161 ABSTRACT: AbstractBackground Gangemi, Mancini, and van den Hout (2012) argued that anxious patients use safety behaviors as information that the situation in which the safety behaviors are displayed is dangerous, even when that situation is objectively safe. This was concluded from a vignette study in which anxious patients and non-clinical controls rated the dangerousness of scripts that were safe or dangerous and in which ... Journal Article: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45 (4), pp. 489 - 495, 2014, ISSN: 0005-7916. |
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0 Role of Deontological Guilt in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder–Like Checking and Washing Behaviors ABSTRACT: Obsessions and compulsions are driven by the goal of preventing or neutralizing guilt. We investigated whether inducing deontological versus altruistic guilt in healthy volunteers could activate checking behaviors and physical cleaning. Participants were asked to listen to stories that induced deontological guilt, altruistic guilt, or a neutral control state, and then were asked to classify 100 colored capsules into ...Journal Article: Clinical Psychological Science, 2 (6), pp. 727-739, 2014. |
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165 Counterfactual thinking in moral judgment: an experimental study ABSTRACT: Counterfactual thinking is thinking about a past that did not happen. This is often the case in 'if only...' situations, where we wish something had or had not happened. To make a choice in a moral decision-making situation is particularly hard and, therefore, may be often associated with the imagination of a different outcome. The main aim of the present study is to investigate counterfactual thinking in the ...Journal Article: Frontiers in Psychology, 5 , pp. 451, 2014, ISSN: 1664-1078. |
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2013 | |
176 Abnormal processing of deontological guilt in obsessive--compulsive disorder ABSTRACT: Guilt plays a significant role in the occurrence and maintenance of obsessive--compulsive disorder (OCD). Two major types of guilt have been identified: one deriving from the transgression of a moral rule (deontological guilt DG), another (altruistic guilt AG), relying on the assumption of having compromised a personal altruistic goal. Clinical evidence suggests that OCD patients are particularly sensitive to DG, ...Journal Article: Brain Structure and Function, 219 (4), pp. 1321–1331, 2013, ISSN: 1863-2661. |
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158 Specific Dysphoric Symptoms Are Predicted by Early Maladaptive Schemas ABSTRACT: Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are cognitive patterns resulting from unmet core emotional needs in childhood that have been linked to the development of psychopathology. As depression is a multifaceted phenomenon, we hypothesized that specific dysphoric symptoms would be predicted by different EMSs. Four hundred and fifty-six participants completed a measure of EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) and reported on the ...Journal Article: The Scientific World Journal, (231965), pp. 7, 2013. |
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172 Obsessive-compulsive disorder and propensity to guilt feelings and to disgust ABSTRACT: Objective: According to a large scientific literature, propensity to guilt feeling and to disgust plays an important role in pathogenesis and maintenance of OCD. However it is still not completely clear whether OC patients show greater guilt and disgust propensity, when compared to healthy subjects and other anxiety disorders, whether checkers and washers OCD subtypes show some differences in their guilt and disgust ...Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 10 (3), pp. 20-29, 2013. |
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174 Emotion, reasoning, and psychopathology ABSTRACT: This chapter addresses the two main mysteries of psychopathology: what causes psychological illnesses and what maintains them. One prevalent view is that both result from faulty reasoning. Yet, healthy individuals also err in their reasoning. The chapter outlines an alternative account, the hyper-emotion theory that attributes these illnesses to emotions of a pathological intensity. These hyper-emotions enhance ...Miscellaneous: 2013, ISBN: 978-1-84872-118-0. |
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148 ABSTRACT: The clinical case described in this article illustrates the value of taking into account the dynamics of disorganized attachment in the assessment of attachment-related phobias (phobia of attachment and phobia of attachment loss) during the psychotherapy of chronically traumatized patients. These seemingly opposite phobias typically coexist in the same patient, appear as phobias of both inner states (affect phobias) ... Journal Article: Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69 (11), pp. 1136–1147, 2013, ISSN: 1097-4679. |
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185 Moral choices: The influence of the “Do not play God” principle ABSTRACT: A wide literature demonstrates that people prefer harm caused by omissions over equal or lesser harm caused by actions. This omission bias has been explained referring to several principles, such as causality or responsibility. A convincing research view has been suggested by Sunstein (2005): harmful acts are generally worse than harmful omissions when moral intuitions reflect the “Do not play God” principle: ...Conference: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Cognitive Science Society Cooperative minds: Social Interaction and group dynamics, 2013. |
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139 ABSTRACT: Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of six meta-analyses of early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders published from 2009 to 2011. Analysis was conducted in three steps to account for different formats of treatment delivery and the extent to which parents took part in treatment. The three components of the synthesis were (a) descriptive ... Journal Article: Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34 (9), pp. 2967 - 2985, 2013, ISSN: 0891-4222. |
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0 Relazioni tra temperamento, carattere e predisposizione alla noia nei disturbi da uso di sostanze ABSTRACT: La noia è inquadrabile dal punto di vista scopistico come un’emozione che segnala lo stallo del sottosistema-mente, per la rilevazione dell’assenza di scopi attivi o l’impossibilità di arricchire il patrimonio di conoscenze. L’inclinazione alla noia è correlata in letteratura con dimensioni come il sensation seeking, che paiono avere un ruolo importante nei Disturbi da Uso di Sostanze (DUS). Sono stati ...Periodical: 134-148 10 (2), 2013. |
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317 La noia nei disturbi dell’umore: esperienze cliniche e di ricerca ABSTRACT: ...Journal Article: Cognitivismo Clinico, 10 (1), pp. 45-64, 2013. |
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175 Intrapsychic and interpersonal guilt: a critical review of the recent literature ABSTRACT: Various authors hold that some emotions (i.e., moral emotions) have the function of orienting people toward ethical actions. In addition to embarrassment, shame and pride, the moral emotion of guilt is believed to affect humans' behavior when they carry out transgressions that violate social and cultural standards. Over the past century, many studies (including controversial ones) have been conducted on guilt. In ...Journal Article: Cognitive Processing, 14 (4), pp. 333–346, 2013, ISSN: 1612-4790. |
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162 Autonomic correlates of physical and moral disgust ABSTRACT: Abstract Given that the hypothesis of a common origin of physical and moral disgust has received sparse empirical support, this study aimed to shed light on the subjective and autonomic signatures of these two facets of the same emotional response. Participants (20 men, 20 women) were randomly assigned to physical or moral disgust induction by the use of audio scripts while their electrocardiogram was continuously ...Journal Article: International Journal of Psychophysiology, 89 (1), pp. 57 - 62, 2013, ISSN: 0167-8760. |
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235 ABSTRACT: Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (oCd) has been ranked by the world Health organization as one of the ten most handicapping illnesses by lost income and decreased quality of life (veale 2007). it is well known that the disorder is not limited to one culture or one period of time, since it has been found in different cultures and in different parts of the world, with its basic characteristics ... Journal Article: Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11 (6), pp. 149-151, 2013. |
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165 Models and cognitive change in psychopathology ABSTRACT: The hyper-emotion theory attributes psychological illnesses to emotions of aberrant intensity, which in turn prompt better reasoning about their causes. Two experiments in which participants drew their own conclusions from syllogistic premises tested this prediction. Individuals from the same populations as the experimental participants rated the believability of likely conclusions. One experiment compared patients ...Journal Article: Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25 (2), pp. 157-164, 2013. |
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2012 | |
132 The Role of Personal Goals in Depressive Reaction to Adverse Life Events: A Cross-Sectional Study ABSTRACT: Consistent with cognitive views of depression, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of personal goals in the relationship between stressful events and distinct patterns of depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample. Participants identified a dysphoric episode that occurred in the previous year by reporting the severity of 12 depressive symptoms and their plausible cause. A goal taxonomy was used to determine ...Journal Article: The Scientific World Journal, (810341), pp. 8, 2012. |
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171 ABSTRACT: In this article we present a patient with obsessive-compulsive (OCD), treated with cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). The patient was afraid of behaving immorally and of being despised by others or by himself because of his behaviour. We focused on his acceptance of the possibility that one could be despised instead of focusing on intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviour (originating from his fear), as is the ... Journal Article: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 18 (2), pp. 1-3, 2012. |
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204 ABSTRACT: In questo articolo ci poniamo il problema della cause prossimali e distali della sofferenza emotiva in una cornice cognitivista. La tesi che sosteniamo è la seguente: la sofferenza può essere concettualizzata come un problema di non accettazione, ovvero di iperinvestimento su uno scopo compromesso o su uno scopo minacciato. La compromissione di uno scopo personale produce inevitabilmente un ... Journal Article: Cognitivismo Clinico, 9 , 2, 95-115 (2, 95-115), pp. 95-115, 2012. |
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259 Il paziente ossessivo: rappresentazioni relative all’intervento di aiuto e impasse terapeutiche ABSTRACT: Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di descrivere le impasse terapeutiche che si incontrano nel trattamento del disturbo ossessivo avendo come oggetto privilegiato della nostra analisi le rappresentazione del paziente. In particolare, cercheremo di rispondere alle seguenti domande: come valuta il paziente ossesso l'aiuto psicologico proposto dal terapeuta? Quali sono le specifiche valutazioni che ostacolano o rendono persino ...Journal Article: Cognitivismo Clinico, 9 (2), 2012. |
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167 A case report of obsessive- compulsive disorder: Reduce fear of guilt to reduce symptoms ABSTRACT: n this study, we present the case of a 27-year-old man who experienced obsessive symptoms for over ten years and then underwent treatment focused on reducing feelings of guilt. Although the patient had already received behavioural cognitive therapy, his symptoms did not significantly improve. After only a few interventions intended to manipulate guilt into non-symptomatic domains, we observed a reduction in ...Journal Article: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 18 (3 ), pp. 343-356, 2012. |
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305 Acceptance of being guilty in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder ABSTRACT: Results of different studies support the notion that obsessive activity is aimed at preventing misdeeds in the symptomatic domain and that OC patients judge the possibility of being guiltyas unacceptable. These findings lead to the hypothesis that increasing acceptability of being guilty, even in non-symptomatic domains, reduces OC symptoms. This paper reports the outcomes of 4 patients with obsessive-compulsive ...Journal Article: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, (Monograph Supplement), pp. 39-56, 2012. |
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197 Behavior as information: “If I avoid, then there must be a danger” ABSTRACT: Background and objectives Cognitive models of anxiety disorders view safety-seeking behaviors (i.e., avoidance, washing, etc.) as playing a crucial role in the maintenance of irrational fear. An explanation of how these behaviors may contribute to the maintenance of unrealistic beliefs is that patients use their safety behaviors as a source of information about the situation (behavior as information): the behavior ...Journal Article: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43 (4), pp. 1032 - 1038, 2012, ISSN: 0005-7916. |
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2011 | |
227 Fear of deontological guilt and fear of contamination in obsessive-compulsive disorder ABSTRACT: Con la finalità di contribuire a una maggiore comprensione del disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, nel presente articolo sosterremo l'esistenza di due differenti emozioni di colpa: il senso di colpa altruistico e il senso di colpa deontologico. Secondo le teorie dell'appraisal, i due sensi di colpa differiscono rispetto agli scopi che potrebbero essere minacciati: lo scopo altruistico di non trarre profitto da un altro ...Journal Article: Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 17 (3), pp. 35-404, 2011. |
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180 Eliciting Guilty Feeling: A preliminary Study Differentiating Deontological and Altruistic Guilt ABSTRACT: Guilt has been identified as both an intrapsychic and an interpersonal emotion. The current study presents evidence of the existence of two senses of guilt, deontological and altruistic guilt, induced through different experimental paradigms. Deontological guilt evolves from having slighted moral authority or norms, while altruistic guilt arises from selfish behavior and the distress of others. We hypothesize that ...Journal Article: Psychology, 2 (2), pp. 98-102, 2011. |
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365 Deontological and Altruistic Guilt: Evidence for Distinct Neurobiological Substrates ABSTRACT: The feeling of guilt is a complex mental state underlying several human behaviors in both private and social life. From a psychological and evolutionary viewpoint, guilt is an emotional and cognitive function, characterized by prosocial sentiments, entailing specific moral believes, which can be predominantly driven by inner values (deontological guilt) or by more interpersonal situations (altruistic guilt). The ...Journal Article: Human Brain Mapping , (2), pp. 229–239, 2011. |
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365 ABSTRACT: Gli essere umani, di solito, reagiscono depressivamente alla compromissione di scopi, se non si rappresentano una speranza di ripristino o di valida sostituzione. La compromissione può assumere la forma della perdita di un bene o di un fallimento. Per semplicità faremo riferimento solo alla perdita di un bene, fermo restando che intendiamo con questa espressione anche fallimenti o, più in generale, ... Journal Article: Cognitivismo Clinico 7, 2, 142-159, 7 (2), pp. 142-159, 2011. |
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